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A collateral adjective is an adjective that is identified with a particular noun in meaning, but that is not derived from that noun. For example, the word ''bovine'' is considered the adjectival equivalent of the noun ''cow'', but it is derived from a different word, which happens to be the Latin word for "cow". Similarly, ''lunar'' serves as an adjective to describe attributes of the Moon; ''moon'' comes from Old English ''mōna'' "moon" and ''lunar'' from Latin ''luna'' "moon". The adjective ''thermal'' and the noun ''heat'' have a similar semantic relationship. As in these examples, the collateral adjective very often derives from the Latin or Greek translation of the noun. In some cases both the noun and the adjective are borrowed, but from different languages, such as the noun ''air'' (from French) and the adjective ''aerial'' (from Latin). The term "collateral" refers to these two sides in the relationship. Attributive usage of a collateral adjective is generally similar in meaning to attributive use of the corresponding noun. For example, ''lunar rocket'' and ''moon rocket'' are accepted as synonyms, as are ''thermal capacity'' and ''heat capacity''. However, in other cases the two words may have lexicalized uses so that one cannot replace the other, as in ''nocturnal view'' and ''night view'', or ''feline grace'' but ''cat food'' (not *''cat grace'' or *''feline food''). Collateral adjectives contrast with derived (denominal) adjectives. For the noun ''father'', for example, there is a derived adjective ''fatherly'' in addition to the collateral adjective ''paternal.'' Similarly, for the noun ''rain'' there is derived ''rainy'' and collateral ''pluvial,'' and for ''child'' there are derived ''childish'' and ''childlike'' as well as collateral ''infantile'' and ''puerile.'' The term "collateral adjective" was coined by the ''Funk and Wagnalls'' dictionaries, but as they are currently out of print, the term has become rare. A synonym sometimes seen in linguistics is ''suppletive (denominal) adjective,'' though this is a liberal and arguably incorrect use of the word 'suppletive'. ==See also== *(List of collateral adjectives (Wiktionary) ) *List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Collateral adjective」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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